The Hindu Editorial Analysis
26 June 2025
A lofty concept, a Governor and unwanted controversy
(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 08)
Topic: GS 2 – Indian Polity (Federalism, Governor’s Role, Constitutional Morality)
Context:
A picture of Bharat Mata displayed by the Kerala Governor at Raj Bhavan has triggered a controversy with the elected government. The Chief Minister and Ministers refused to participate in official functions held under such symbolic imagery, arguing it lacks constitutional sanction.
Introduction:
The image of Bharat Mata evokes deep emotional patriotism and historical significance. However, its usage in official state functions has raised concerns about its constitutional validity, especially when it is not recognized as a national symbol. The incident highlights tensions in Centre-State relations and the constitutional role of the Governor.
Constitutional Conduct of the Governor
1. Bound by Aid and Advice
- As per Article 163, the Governor is bound by the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers in all matters except discretionary powers.
- The Supreme Court has affirmed that the Governor is a constitutional head, not an autonomous authority.
2. Limited Symbolic Role
- Governors cannot introduce unapproved religious, ideological, or symbolic imagery (e.g., Bharat Mata) into official protocol unless ratified by the state government.
Legal and Constitutional Standpoint
1. Bharat Mata: Not a National Symbol
- Unlike the national anthem or national flag, Bharat Mata is not recognized by the Constitution.
- The Constitution does not authorize the use of ideological or religious images in official state functions.
2. Ambedkar’s Clarification in CA Debates
- Dr. Ambedkar stated: “the Governor shall have no functions which he can discharge by himself.”
3. Judicial Interpretations
- SC has consistently ruled that Governors must act as per Cabinet’s advice, except in discretionary cases like reservation of a bill.
Cultural vs Constitutional Dissonance
1. Bharat Mata: Cultural and Emotional Legacy
- The slogan Bharat Mata ki Jai was widely used during India’s freedom struggle.
- Leaders like Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Tagore, and Swami Vivekananda gave spiritual and nationalistic meaning to Bharat Mata.
2. Symbolism vs Secularism
- The Indian state is secular and inclusive. A specific image (female Hindu goddess form) does not represent the diversity of India’s people, faiths, and cultures.
- Use of such imagery in state functions could alienate minority groups.
Impact on Federal Relations
1. Politicization of the Raj Bhavan
- Raj Bhavans are neutral constitutional spaces, not political arenas. Using ideologically loaded symbols compromises this neutrality.
- The Kerala episode strained relations between the Governor and the elected executive.
2. Precedents and Federal Morality
- There are constitutional mechanisms (rooms for portraits, flag lighting) for state functions. Deviating from these undermines constitutional morality and creates unnecessary confrontation.
Conclusion:
The office of the Governor is a symbol of unity, neutrality, and constitutionalism, not a platform for cultural assertions. All actions in official capacities must be governed by constitutional norms, not personal or ideological preferences. If India is to remain a secular democracy, its constitutional functionaries must lead by upholding neutrality, discipline, and inclusivity—not symbolism.